This SADEV working paper by Anna Krohwinkel-Karlsson is a state-of-the-art review in the area of internal efficiency intended for policy-makers and practitioners with a particular interest in organizational development, as well as for internal use. It looks in particular at analyses of knowledge and learning and argues that these would benefit from more systematic reflection on the various types of causes of organizational change, the various types of effects, the normative assessment of results and intertemporal documentation challenges.